home *** CD-ROM | disk | FTP | other *** search
- Path: bloom-beacon.mit.edu!hookup!europa.eng.gtefsd.com!gatech!usenet.ins.cwru.edu!nigel.msen.com!brain
- From: brain@garnet.msen.com (Jim Brain)
- Newsgroups: comp.sys.cbm,comp.answers,news.answers
- Subject: COMP.SYS.CBM: General FAQ, v2.0 Part 1/2
- Followup-To: comp.sys.cbm
- Date: 7 Apr 1994 13:43:17 GMT
- Organization: Msen, Inc. -- Ann Arbor, Michigan
- Lines: 1109
- Approved: news-answers-request@MIT.EDU
- Message-ID: <2o12ll$7sc@nigel.msen.com>
- Reply-To: brain@mail.msen.com
- NNTP-Posting-Host: garnet.msen.com
- Summary: This posting contains answers to questions that commonly surface in
- comp.sys.cbm. This posting will tell you enough to get your
- computer connected to a network, fixed, and/or enhanced. This file
- should be read by new users of comp.sys.cbm before posting to the
- group. It should also be proofread by users who are currently
- active in comp.sys.cbm.
- Keywords: CBM FAQ Help List C64 C128 VIC Modem
- X-Newsreader: TIN [version 1.2 PL2]
- Xref: bloom-beacon.mit.edu comp.sys.cbm:11052 comp.answers:4799 news.answers:17757
-
-
- Archive-name: cbm-main-faq.2.0.p1
- Comp-answers-archive-name: commodore/main-faq/part1
- News-answers-archive-name: commodore/main-faq/part1
- Comp-sys-cbm-archive-name: main-faq/part1
- Version: 2.0
- Last-modified: 1994/03/21
-
-
- + This is the first of two parts of the comp.sys.cbm FAQ. The second part
- + is a continuation of this part, so the reader should get both parts of the
- + FAQ.
-
- + Disclaimer: This file is being maintained by Jim Brain (brain@msen.com). It
- + is composed of information gleaned from many authors of articles in
- + comp.sys.cbm, too many to list here. All the authors have either directly
- + or indirectly given their consent to use their work in this FAQ.
- + All of the information in this file has been gathered and checked if
- + possible for errors, but I cannot guarantee the correctness of any
- + statement in this file. If in doubt, please bring up the subject in
- + comp.sys.cbm.
-
- + If you have suggestions, comments, or criticisms, please let Jim Brain
- + know by sending electronic mail to brain@msen.com. Keep in mind that new
- + questions appear on a daily basis, so there is a finite time between a
- + new question appearing in comp.sys.cbm, and its inclusion in this file.
-
- + The latest version of this file may be obtained from the following ftp
- + sites:
-
- + ccnga.uwaterloo.ca in /pub/cbm/comp.sys.cbm/cbm-main-faq.2.0
- + ftp.funet.fi in /pub/cbm/faq/cbm-main-faq.2.0.gz
- + ftp.csv.warwick.ac.uk in /tmp/c64/cbm-main-faq.2.0.gz
- + rtfm.mit.edu in /pub/usenet/comp.sys.cbm/main-faq/part*
- + in /pub/usenet/news.answers/commodore/main-faq/part*
- + in /pub/usenet/comp.answers/commodore/main-faq/part*
-
- + This file is posted to the groups comp.sys.cbm, news.answers, and
- + comp.answers twice every month around the 5th and the 20th of the month.
-
- + _Notes for this release_:
- + -----------------------
-
- + this is an all-new FAQ. Some information needs to be verified and revised.
- + Please help me do this.
-
- + I have added a User Group Address in the Publications section. If you
- + give me enough I might start a User Group FAQ.
-
- + I have not checked this document for spelling, as time ran out. If you see
- + a word that looks wrong, email it to me.
-
- + This is the final 2.0 document. Any new changes will be in 2.1
-
- + -----------------------
-
- + Lines preceded with a '|" have been modified since the last version of this
- + file was posted. Lines preceded by a '+' have been added since the last
- + version was posted.
-
- + If readers of this FAQ wish to make changes, please precede formatted lines
- + sent to me with a 'C' so that I can see the changes even if you enclose
- + header and trailer text to show context.
-
- + ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
-
-
- + Table of Contents
- + -----------------
-
- + 1. Introduction
-
- + 2. Net Etiquette
- + 2.1. What news groups cater to Commodore 8-bit machines?
- + 2.2. What is a FAQ?
- + 2.3. What types of discussions belong in comp.sys.cbm?
- + 2.4. How do I post in comp.sys.cbm?
-
- + 3. Overview
- + 3.1. Do people still use Commodore 8-bit machines?
- + 3.2. What do people do with Commodore 8-bit machines?
- + 3.3. What Commodore 8-bit machines are most widely used?
-
- + 4. Starting Out
- + 4.1. How many Commodore machines are there?
- + 4.2. Which ones does comp.sys.cbm discuss regularly?
- + 4.3. Where do I purchase Commodore Equipment?
- + 4.4. Where do I get equipment serviced?
-
- + 5. Connecting Up
- + 5.1. How do I connect my computer to the outside world?
- + 5.2. What hardware do I need?
- + 5.3. What kinds of terminal programs exist?
- + 5.4. How do I download? What does transfer protocol mean?
- + 5.5. PETSCII vs. ASCII?
- + 5.6. Where can I find Commodore programs?
- + 5.7. What else is available online?
- + 5.8. What is a file extension, and what do they stand for?
- + 5.9. What are mailing lists and how do I join one?
- + 5.10. Are there other ways to transfer files?
- + 5.11. How do I contact people on Compuserve, Genie, etc.?
-
- + 6. Publications
- + 6.1. What paper publications are available?
- + 6.2. What is a Disk Magazine? Where do I find them?
- + 6.3. What is an Online Magazine? Where do I find them?
-
- + 7. Exchanging Data
- + 7.1. Can I read IBM(tm) disks?
- + 7.2. Can my IBM(tm) computer read Commodore disks?
- + 7.3. Are there other ways to exchange data between computers?
-
- + 8. Operating Systems
- + 8.1. What Operating Systems are available?
- + 8.2. What is GEOS?
- + 8.3. What is UNIX?
- + 8.4. What is CP/M
-
- + 9. Enhancements
- + 9.1. How do I increase my disk drive's transfer speed?
- + 9.2. How do I expand my disk drive's capacity?
- + 9.3. How do I expand my computer's RAM capacity?
- + 9.4. How do I increase my computer's speed?
- + 9.5. How do I increase my computer screen's resolution?
- + 9.6. How do I increase my computer's serial transfer speed?
- + 9.7. How do I increase my computer's sound quality?
- + 9.8. How do I hook a Hayes(tm) compatible modem to my Commodore computer?
-
- + 10. Emulators
- + 10.1. What is an emulator?
- + 10.2. What platforms do 64 emulators exist on?
- + 10.3. What platforms do 128 emulators exist on?
- + 10.4. Are any other Commodore computers emulated?
-
- + 11. Demonstrations
- + 11.1. Just what is a demonstration, or demo?
- + 11.2. What does NTSC and PAL mean?
- + 11.3. Where do I get demos?
- + 11.4. What is a demo competition?
-
- + 12. Troubleshooting
- + 12.1. What do I do for my ill disk drive?
- + 12.2. What do I do for my ill computer?
- + 12.3. What do I do for my ill keyboard?
-
- + 13. Miscellaneous
-
- + 14. Credits
-
- + ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
-
-
- + 1. Introduction
-
- Welcome to the comp.sys.cbm "Frequently Asked Questions" (FAQ) file.
- Many news groups maintain a FAQ file which is posted monthly, and
- is a repository for general interest and common information that many
- readers of the news group, or new readers of the news group, might be
- interested in.
-
- I would like to keep programming information in this FAQ file to a minimum;
- otherwise, it could balloon out of control. For those interested in
- programming, see Section 6, Publications.
-
-
- + 2. Net Etiquette
-
- + 2.1. What news groups cater to Commodore 8-bit machines?
-
- + The first thing to discuss here is the dividing line between Commodore
- + models. All Commodore computers up to, but not including, the Commodore
- + Amiga or the Commodore line of IBM PC Compatible computers, are
- + discussed in comp.sys.cbm, which is what this FAQ covers. The Amiga line
- + of computers is covered in the separate newsgroups comp.sys.amiga.*,
- + where the '*' indicates that there are a number of groups that match that
- + name. The IBM PC Compatible computers are discussed in comp.sys.ibm-pc.*.
- + This FAQ is concerned primarily with the newsgroup comp.sys.cbm
- + and its associated binary distribution newsgroup comp.binaries.cbm.
-
- + If you are in Germany, there are at least two German Commodore newsgroup
- + available. They are zer.z-netz.rechner.c64+c128.allgemein, which appears
- + to be a discussion group much like comp.sys.cbm,
- + zer.z-netz.rechner.c64+c128.binaer, which appears to parallel the function
- + of comp.binaries.cbm, and zer.t-netz.c64, which has the description, 'Der
- + am weitesten verbreitete Rechner'.
-
- + 2.2. What is a FAQ?
-
- + FAQ is short for Frequently Asked Questions. Most newsgroups have such a
- + file for the aid of newcomers. During the course of a newsgroups life,
- + some questions begin to be get asked repeatedly. These frequently asked
- + questions are answered in the FAQ, which means that new readers should
- + grab a copy of this file before asking any questions. Experienced readers
- + are encouraged to glance over the FAQ every so often to check for errors
- + and to possibly catch up on details of questions.
-
-
- + 2.3. What types of discussions belong in comp.sys.cbm?
-
- + Obviously, any discussions relating to all Commodore machines prior to the
- + Commodore Amiga line. These machines are commonly referred to a the
- + Commodore 8-bit line, whereas the Amiga line is not 8-bit. Please make
- + sure any question you intend on posting is not already answered in this
- + FAQ. Also, when posting a troubleshooting question about inoperative
- + equipment, please give as much detail as possible. Be considerate of
- + others in the group and keep questions not pertaining to some aspect of
- + Commodore 8-bit machines and peripherals out of comp.sys.cbm. The group
- + does realize, however, that a large percentage of Commodore 8-bit owners
- + also own another computer system and might have questions about
- + interfacing or emulations. Just use your own good judgement.
-
-
- + 2.4. How do I post in comp.sys.cbm?
-
- + You first need to access the newsgroup comp.sys.cbm through the use of
- + newsreader. There are many available in UNIX with names like rn, nn, tin,
- + and trn. I can't begin to tell you what command each uses to construct
- + a posting, but your machine administrator should be able to tell you.
- + All posts should contains relevant Summary and Keyword info, as well as
- + a descriptive title. If you are posting a followup to an existing article,
- + and are quoting the article, please only quote the relevant portions of the
- + existing article.
-
-
- + 3. Overview
-
- + 3.1. Do people still use Commodore 8-bit machines?
-
- + Yes, people still do. Newer machines may have appeared and taken over the
- + corporate world, but the Commodore 8-bit machines live on.
-
-
- + 3.2. What do people do with Commodore 8-bit machines?
-
- + People use their machines for very different purposes:
-
- + Game Console.
- + Home Computer.
- + Experimentor's machine.
- + Small Business Computer.
-
- + No matter what purpose they use them for, they use them because there is a
- + wealth of programs available for the Commodore computer systems. The
- + Commodore line of computers has a seemingly endless supply of quality
- + programs available for it, and more are being created daily.
-
-
- + 3.3. What Commodore 8-bit machines are most widely used?
-
- + Well, it is a fact that all types of Commodore 8-bit computers are still
- + in use, but the following machines get the most use:
-
- + Commodore 64
- + Commodore 128 and 128D
-
- + The following systems manufactured by Commodore still have a devout
- + following:
-
- + Commodore VIC-20
- + Commodore PET series
- + Commodore Plus 4 and 16
- + Commodore C65
-
- + The Commodore 65 is a recent addition and is the result of a liquidation of
- + some ALPHA stage test machines. A number of people have purchased these
- + test units, and they have a FAQ devoted just to this machine. The C65
- + faq is located in the same directory as this file under the name
- + cbm_c65_faq.2.0. The Commodore 65 FAQ is maintained by George Page and a
- + copy of this file can be obtained from him at gpage@nyx10.cs.du.edu.
-
-
- + 4. Starting Out
-
- + 4.1. How many Commodore machines are there?
-
- + I am glad you asked! I have compiled a list of all known Commodore
- + computers and peripherals, including the CBM PC Clones and the Amigas,
- + which is much too large to put in this FAQ. You can get it by e-mailing
- + brain@msen.com with the Subject: line of "Commodore Products List", or
- + look for the file called cbmmodel.txt in the same directories as the
- + FAQ is kept.
-
-
- + 4.2. Which ones does comp.sys.cbm discuss regularly?
-
- + Although comp.sys.cbm discusses all Commodore 8-bit machines at times,
- + the C64 and C128 get most of the attention.
-
- + 4.3. Where do I purchase Commodore Equipment?
-
- + Commodore no longer manufactures Commodore 8-bit computers in the U.S.A.
- + They may still be made in Europe, but the likelihood is small.
- + Comp.sys.cbm has regular postings from people wanting to sell pieces of
- + Commodore equipment, so your best bet is to ask in the group and then check
- + back for postings.
-
- + In Germany, there are a number of shops which still sell factory new
- + Commodore 64 and Commodore 128 computers.
-
- + A number of third parties still support the Commodore 8-bit line. They are
- + listed below with a sampling of their products:
-
- + Creative Micro Designs, Incorporated. (CMD)
- + 15 Benton Drive
- + P.O. Box 646, Dept. 1192
- + East Longmeadow, MA 01028
- + (800) 638-3263 (Orders only)
- + (413) 525 0023 (Information)
- + CMD Hard Drives, Floppy Drives, GEOS Software, JiffyDOS, RAMLink, Games,
- + SID Symphony, IEEE Flash!, Printer Adaptors, Books, Productivity, MIDI SW.
-
- + CMD Direkt (CMD Europe)
- + Postfach 58, A-6410
- + Telfs, Austria
- + 0043-5262-66080 (Voice)
- + 0043-5262-64040 (Fascimile)
-
- + Plus Electronics (CMD Germany)
- + Postfach 100 263, D-30198
- + Seelze, Germany
- + 05137-50477 (Voice)
- + 05137-91376 (Fascimile)
-
- + Sandinges Import and Data (CMD Sweden)
- + Norsbergvagen 8-B, S-302 30
- + Halmstad, Sweden
- + 351-22164 (Voice)
-
- + Novo Computers (CMD Australia)
- + P.O. Box 237
- + Mayfield, NSW 2304, Australia
- + 049-602-082 (Voice)
-
- + Exceldata (CMD Australia)
- + P.O. Box 572
- + Marrickville, NSW, 2204, Australia
- + 02-550-0727 (Voice)
- + 02-558-1884 (Fascimile)
-
- + Tenex Computer Express
- + 56800 Magnetic Drive
- + Mishawaka, IN 46545
- + (800) 776-6781 (Orders Only)
- + (219) 259-7051 (Product Info and Intl. Orders)
- + (219) 259-0300 (Fascimile Orders and RFQs)
- + (219) 259-7053 (Order Status)
- + (219) 259-5227 (Technical Help)
- + Modems, Monitors, Speakers, Trackballs, Cartridge Expanders, User Port
- + Expanders, Cabling, Joysticks, Disk Drive Cleaning Supplies, Diskettes,
- + Printers, Computer Covers, Power Supplies, Productivity SW, Games.
-
- + Software Support International
- + 2700 N.E. Andreson Road #A-10
- + Vancouver, WA 98661
- + (800) 356-1179 (Orders Only)
- + (206) 695-9648 (Information)
- + (206) 695-0059 (Fascimile)
- + Miscellaneous Software and Hardware.
-
- + The Grapevine Group
- + 3 Chestnut Street
- + Suffern, NY 10901
- + (800) 292-7445 (Orders only)
- + (914) 368-4242 (Information)
- + (914) 357-6243 (Fascimile)
- + (914) 343-8463 (BBS)
- + EMAIL C.LEAZOTT1 on Genie or 71562,1706 on Compuserve
- + Miscellaneous Hardware.
-
- + Software Hut
- + 2534 S Broad Street
- + Philadelphia, PA 19145
- + (800) 848-0079 (Orders only)
- + (215) 462-2268 (Information)
- + (215) 339-5336 (Fascimile)
- + Miscellaneous Software and Hardware.
-
- + Rio Computers
- + 3310 Berwyck Street
- + Las Vegas, NV 89121
- + (702) 454-0335
- + Video & Audio cartridges plus software
-
- + SOGWAP Software
- + 115 Bellmont Road
- + Decatur, IN 46733
- + (219) 724-3900
- + Big Blue Reader, and Bible Search Software
-
- + The FGM Connection
- + P.O. Box 2206
- + Roseburg, OR 97470
- + Fun Graphics Machine Software, printing/ publishing utility
-
- + MadMan Software
- + The Enterprise Center
- + 1400 E. College Drive
- + Cheyenne, WY 82007-3298
- + Software supplier
-
- + Horse Feathers Graphics
- + N. 27310 Short Road
- + Deer Park, WA 99006-9712
- + Western Graphics for Print Shop, Professional quality
-
- + Busy Bee Software
- + P.O. Box 2959
- + Lompoc, CA 93438
- + (800) 736-8184
- + The Write Stuff 64/128 wordprocessing software
-
- + Quick Brown Box
- + 26 Concord Road
- + Bedford, MA 01730
- + (617) 275-0090
- + Battery Backed Memory cartridges for the C64/128
-
- + Performance Peripherals, Inc.
- + 5 Upper Loudon Road
- + Loudonville, NY 12211
- + (518) 436-0485
- + Battery Backed Ram expansion units. Cheap.
-
- + Commodore Country
- + 1420 Country Road 914
- + Burleson, TX 76028
- + (800) 676-6447 (Orders only)
- + (817) 295-7658 (Information)
- + ?
-
- + Living Proof, Ltd
- + P.O. Box 80714
- + Minneapolis, MN 55408-8714
- + I paint software for the C128
-
- + The Landmark Series
- + New Horizon Software
- + 2253 N. Kansas Avenue
- + Springfield, MO 65803
- + Geos desktop replacement and other software
-
- + Antigrav Toolkit
- + P.O. Box 1074
- + Cambridge, MA 02142
- + KeyDOS ROM version 2 for the C128
-
- + Creative Pixels, Ltd.
- + P.O. Box 592
- + Library, PA 15129
- + ?
-
- + Micro Storm Software
- + P.O. Box 1086
- + Sidney, MT 59270
- + ?
-
- + 8-Bit
- + P.O. Box 542
- + Lindenhurst, NY 11757-0542
- + (516) 957-1100
- + ?
-
-
- + 4.4. Where do I get equipment serviced?
-
- + I am drawing a blank here. Some sufficiently small repair shops will
- + service old Commodore equipment, as well as some knowledgeable Commodore
- + users. However, checking around in user groups and such will yield the
- + best answer.
-
- + Here are a few first places to try.
-
- + A&M Computer Repair
- + 24 Conklin Drive
- + Stoney Point, NY 10980
- + (800) 344-4102 (Orders)
- + (914) 562-7271 (Information)
- + Fixed repair prices are very low, C64 C128 etc!!
-
- + TYCOM Inc.
- + 503 East Street
- + Pittsfield, MA 01201
- + (413) 442-9771 (Information)
- + Fast, fixed price all hardware repaired
-
- + J&C Repair
- + RD #2, Box 9
- + Rockton, PA 15856
- + (814) 583-5996 (Information)
- + (814) 583-5995 (Fascimile)
- + Repair all hardware.
-
- + Harvey and Associates
- + 1409 Mill Street
- + Laramie, WY 82070
- + (307) 742-3275 (Information)
- + Repairs and service. Inexpensive.
-
- + Computer Technologies
- + 121 North Ridgewood Avenue, Suite A
- + Datona Beach, FL 32114
- + (800) 237-2835 (Information)
- + Standard C64/128 repairs.
-
- + Kasara Micro Systems
- + 21-G Airport Road
- + Hilton Head Island, SC 29926
- + (800) 248-2983 (Information)
- + All standard C64/128 repairs.
-
-
- + 5. Connecting Up
-
- + 5.1. How do I connect my computer to the outside world?
-
- + You need to first define what the "outside world" world means to you. Here
- + are a few examples:
-
- + Bulletin Board System (BBS). - Small system usually with one phone
- + line operated by an individual. Fees are optional.
-
- + Compuserve Information Service. - CompuServe has two Forums designed
- + specifically for Commodore 8-bit computer users. CBM Applications
- + Forum (GO CBMAPP) deals with programming, geoProgramming,
- + applications software, telecommunications, CP/M, utilities and
- + hardware. CBM Arts/Games/Music & GEOS Forum (GO CBMART) deals with
- + GEOS in general, music (including SidPlayer and MIDI), games,
- + graphics and graphics utilities. Both Forums have full message
- + boards and extensive data libraries, and both Forums have weekly
- + real-time conferences.
-
- + The CompuServe network is available virtually world wide. The
- + Commodore Forums are attracting increasing membership from Europe
- + and Australia, and have begun to tap into the vast variety of
- + Commodore files available around the world (some of the best new
- + Commodore programs are coming in from Europe these days). CompuServe
- + has an extensive network of local numbers throughout the United
- + States and Canada and is also available through supplemental
- + networks such as SprintNet and DataPac. The number of direct
- + CompuServe connect numbers in Europe is beginning to expand.
-
- + While there is no standalone CompuServe navigator program available
- + for Commodore users, CBMAPP has the CIS.EXE script set that
- + automates Dialogue 128 on CompuServe, and also VIDAUT.BIN which will
- + virtually automate Vidtex (which is available again through Software
- + Support International). In addition there is OFFLIN.HLP, a text
- + file in CBMAPP, that provides a method for semi-automating access
- + with any standard comm program and word processor.
-
- + CompuServe's rates are as follows:
-
- + * The Standard Pricing Plan (also referred to as Basic Services)
- + provides free unlimited access to a wide variety of news, reference,
- + shopping, games, financial, communications and travel services for a
- + monthly charge of $8.95. New members get their first month of Basic
- + Services free (the $8.95 charge does not begin until their second
- + month of membership). All other access is charged at standard
- + hourly rates.
-
- + * The Alternative Pricing Plan provides unlimited free access only
- + to Membership Support Services (Customer Service, the Practice Forum,
- + the Help Forum and the support Forums for CompuServe's software) for
- + a monthly fee of $2.50. All other usage is charged at standard
- + hourly rates.
-
- + Standard Pricing Plan: Alternative Pricing Plan:
- + 300 bps.........$ 6.00/hour 300 bps...........$ 6.30/hour
- + 1200,2400 bps...$ 8.00/hour 1200,2400 bps.....$12.80/hour
- + 9600,14400 bps..$16.00/hour 9600,14400 bps....$22.80/hour
-
- + While these rates on the face of it appear to be much higher than
- + some of the other competing services, it is important to remember
- + that with CompuServe's threaded message structure it is possible to
- + capture all messages, sign off, read and reply to them off line, and
- + transmit the replies in a very short time, so that one's actual
- + connect time and cost will be minimized. This is not possible on
- + wholly-interactive services.
-
- + Genie. - GEnie is a general interest telecommunications service
- run by General Electric. For a monthly price of $9.00, you are given
- 4 Hours of Access time and then charged $3/ hour for any service.
-
- The Commodore support area on GEnie is known as the FlagShip
- RoundTable. Most of the FlagShip is not a Basic service, although
- some introductory and informational information can be read at a
- Basic rate, and the C64/C128 specific GEnie front end (Wizard) is
- available at Basic rates. The FlagShip RT includes some "Real-Time
- Conferences" (RTCs) featuring classes or discussion of issues
- associated with Commodore computers. Additionally, there is a BB
- (Bulletin Board), which works much like Usenet's comp.sys.cbm (only
- the discussion is broken down into categories and topics). Finally,
- the FlagShip has an extensive library of Commodore files.
-
- Although not a Basic service, the BB messages can be read
- economically by capturing all new messages in a terminal programs
- buffer and reading the messages off-line. Wizard, the C= GEnie front
- end supports this.
-
- Because GEnie is a general interest service, it supports many
- different computers, and you can use any ASCII terminal program to
- connect to GEnie. Wizard is available, but not required. GEnie
- operates normally at 300, 1200, and 2400 baud, although for
- additional cost you can connect at 9600 baud. There are local
- access numbers across the country.
-
- + Delphi Internet Services.
-
- | QuantumLink. - Q-Link is a Commodore specific telecommunications
- | service.
-
- + Internet. - Huge system of interconnected systems. Home of the
- + Usenet newsgroups and all FTP sites.
-
- + To get to each of these services, you must have a Commodore computer, a disk
- + drive or tape unit, a modem, and a terminal emulation program.
-
-
- + 5.2. What hardware do I need?
-
- + You need a Commodore computer system that is functional.
- + To connect at 2400 bps or lower (4800 bps on the C128 in 128 fast mode),
- + you need either a modem that can plug into the user port of the computer,
- + or a Hayes(tm) compatible modem and a RS-232 to RS-232C interface. The
- + interface can either be made or purchased. See the enhancements section
- + for more information.
-
- + To connect at speeds greater than 2400(4800) bps, you must either build or
- + purchase a serial port interface. Typical examples are the Swiftlink
- + cartridge from CMD or the DataPump cartridge that can be built. You will
- + also need a Hayes(tm) compatible modem that will work at the speed you
- + desire.
-
- The easiest modems to use are C= standard modems. These modems plug
- directly into the user port of your 64/128. The most popular modem from
- Commodore is the C= 1670. The 1670 sports a (large and useful) subset of
- the Hayes command set, the standard command set expected by most terminal
- programs. Most other C= standard modems are 1670 compatible, Hayes
- compatible, or both. Standard C= modems can be found as fast as 2400 baud.
-
- You can connect a standard Hayes modem to your 64/128 if you acquire a
- RS232 adapter. Such an adapter plugs into your User port, and provides
- you with a standard RS232 serial port, into which a standard modem can be
- plugged. Peak Peripherals, Omnitronix, and a few others sell such
- | adapters. They typically cost from $20 to $40. See 9.8 for details on
- + how to make your own interface.
-
-
- + 5.3. What kinds of terminal programs exist?
-
- Popular shareware and freely distributable terminal programs available on
- the net include DesTerm128 for the 128, Novaterm for the 64, and Kermit
- for both the 64 and 128. Each of these programs include emulations of
- popular terminal types (e.g. VT100, ANSI), as well as one or more transfer
- protocols. Popular commercial terminal programs include Bob's Term Pro
- and Dialogue 128.
-
-
- + 5.4. How do I download? What does transfer protocol mean?
-
- Downloading Files via Anonymous FTP
-
- Freely distributable (PD, freeware, shareware) files are available for you
- to download at a number of "anonymous ftp" sites on the net. To get files
- from these sites, you use (on most systems) a program called ftp. A typical
- ftp session (assuming you are running from a Unix system) would be as
- follows:
-
- To download software (files) from an anonymous ftp sites, one has to
- be cognizant that there are two connections to be concerned about. The
- first connection is from your Commodore to you host computer and then
- the connection from your host to the ftp site. In addition you need to be
- be aware of the nature of the information in the desired file, particularly
- if you are downloading programs. If the file is not known to be in
- printable ASCII form, consider it a binary file. It may also be be in an
- archived form, i.e. a form where it is packed with many files or in a
- shortened format. Consider these to be binary unless it is of the "uu"
- type which is an ASCII format. ASCII format will download faster as it
- does not have to worry about the high bit being set.
-
- SAMPLE SESSION:
-
- %ftp cco.caltech.edu <cco.caltech.edu is site name>
- Connected to cco.caltech.edu.
- 220 punisher FTP server (SunOS 4.1) ready.
- Name (cco.caltech.edu:rknop): anonymous <Use "anonymous" for user name>
- 331 Guest login ok, send ident as password.
- Password: <Type your E-mail address here>
- 230 Guest login ok, access restrictions apply.
- ftp> cd /pub/rknop/utilities <"cd" changes directory>
- 250 CWD command successful.
- ftp> dir z* <"dir" alone lists whole directory>
- 200 PORT command successful.
- 150 ASCII data connection for /bin/ls (131.215.48.57,2084) (0 bytes).
- -rw-r--r-- 1 rknop grads 15427 Apr 13 15:42 zed-128.070
- -rw-r--r-- 1 rknop grads 14107 Apr 13 15:42 zed-128.doc
- 226 ASCII Transfer complete.
- remote: z*
- 134 bytes received in 0.44 seconds (0.3 Kbytes/s)
- ftp> binary <specifies binary files. IMPORTANT!!>
- 200 Type set to I.
- ftp> get zed-128.070 <requests file zed-128.070>
- 200 PORT command successful.
- 150 Binary data connection for zed-128.070 (131.215.48.57,20) (15427 bytes)
- 226 Binary Transfer complete.
- local: zed-128.070 remote: zed-128.070
- 15427 bytes received in 0.1 seconds (1.5e+02 Kbytes/s)
- ftp> quit <quit when you are finished>
- 221 Goodbye.
- %
-
- To submit files to an ftp site, you use the command "put". Again, make sure
- to first specify "binary" for programs and other binary files. Typically,
- ftp sites will only accept submissions in an "INCOMING" directory.
-
- Mail Servers
-
- If you do not have access to ftp, there are also some "mail servers" that
- allow ftp access for only GETTING files from anonymous FTP sites.
- Basically, you send mail to ftpmail@decwrl.dec.com, and in the first
- message you ever send, the only thing you should say in the body is "help"
- on the first line and on another line "quit". They will send you a help
- file. From then on out, the mail you send to the mail server will be
- requests that you send for information from sites. Ftpmail will send you a
- message telling you it got your request, then later on you get your
- file/directory in mail, and also a result message of what went on.
-
- All I do then is transfer the files to my work directory, edit out
- the headers from the mail, and d/l the file, uudecode it, and
- there I have the file I asked for.
-
- Included is a sample mail file I use to get the job done.
- As a matter of fact, the output of the actual FTP session is like the
- material in the section on anonymous FTP. This process will take some time
- as it depends on the amount of requests in the queue. I usually get one
- day turnaround, but I have also had bombs since the systems may be down etc.
- when the ftpmail server gets around to serving your request. I guess
- that's part of life. There are some limitations that apply and you will
- be told about them each time you send a request.
-
- The mail file is really a "here" document that I have in a shell script.
- If you don't understand what I mean by a shell script/"here" document
- all you have to do is type the the lines as shown below without the
- information in [] on the command line.
- ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
- mail ftpmail@decwrl.dec.com[<<!]
- connect ccnga.uwaterloo.ca anonymous brain@msen.com
- chdir /pub/cbm/faqs
- ls -l
- quit
- [!] or CNTL-D
- ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
- Something you need to know is that the mailserver will split
- files into smaller chunks and substitute the file name with "ftp.mail" or
- something close to that. You need to watch the sequence when you receive
- the parts so you get them in order and you come up with a good name
- or extra lines. Experience will teach you.
-
- Other Mail Servers
-
- A couple of people are running servers that will respond to email requests.
- Each have a limited amount of files available. To access them send the
- following email:
-
- To: yonerjp@brandonu.ca
- Subject: mailser
- In the body include commands as required. The set of commands is:
- help
- catalog
- psend files (binary files)
- send file (text files)
-
- Or another server:
-
- To: duck@pembvax1.pembroke.edu
- Subject: MAILSERV
- Commands available:
- send iss<number>. - send issue of C=Hacking magazine
- subscribe - Subscribe to mailing list
- catalog - show list of files available
- psend name - send uuencoded binary
-
-
- + Transfer Protocols
-
- To transfer files from your mainframe (usually Unix or VMS) system to your
- 64/128, you typically need to use some sort of error-correcting file
- transfer protocol. The most popular protocols for the 64/128 are X/YMODEM
- and KERMIT. These two protocols are very common, and are available on many
- computer systems. Note that the term kermit is used as a terminal emulator
- product as well as a file transfer protocol. Indeed, the Kermit terminal
- program supports the KERMIT file transfer protocol. Novaterm supports
- KERMIT and X/YMODEM.
-
-
- XMODEM/YMODEM
-
- XMODEM comes in several varieties. Standard XMODEM sends files in 128 byte
- packets. There are two standard error-correction methods with XMODEM
- checksum and CRC. CRC is the more modern of the two. There is also a
- version of XMODEM which supports 1K-byte packets. This version is most
- commonly known as XMODEM-1K, but is sometimes erroneously called YMODEM.
- YMODEM is a "batch" XMODEM protocol, allowing you to transfer multiple
- files in one operation.
-
- ZMODEM
-
- A new file transfer protocol is ZMODEM. There are currently no terminal
- programs for the 64/128 that support ZMODEM.
-
- KERMIT
-
- Another file transfer protocol used is Kermit.
- It is on the Columbia machine (watsun.cc.columbia.edu) and available by
- anonymous ftp. The same package only supports 1200 baud; there used to be
- some 2400 baud patches on Milton by whom I don't know. If someone has them,
- could they be put on ccnga.uwaterloo.ca?
-
-
- + 5.5. PETSCII vs. ASCII?
-
- + This debate has caused grief for many years. Watch out for it. The
- + Commodore world represents all of its characters in an encoding called
- + PETSCII, but the rest of the world uses the American Standard Code for
- + Information Interchange (ASCII). If your transferring text files,
- + there is a possibility the file could be in ASCII or PETSCII. If you
- + fetch a file and it looks as though the case of the letters is reversed,
- + the the file needs to be converted into PETSCII.
-
-
- + 5.6. Where can I find Commodore programs?
-
- + A number of BBS systems have download areas devoted to the Commodore line
- + of computers. Also, a number of sites on Internet have areas for Commodore
- + files. The list of current Internet FTP sites can be retrieved from the
- + same directory that this file was found and is called cbm_ftpsitesMMYY,
- + where MM is the Month and YY is the year that the list is for. The
- + FTP List is maintained by Howard Herman and a copy of the latest file can be
- + obtained from him at 72560.3467@compuserve.com.
-
-
- + 5.7. What else is available online?
-
- + Well, aside from people, programs, and newsgroups, there are such things
- + as disk magazines, online magazines, mailing lists, and project
- + descriptions for Commodore enthusiasts.
-
-
- + 5.8. What is a file extension, and what do they stand for?
-
- + A file extension is a 3 letter suffix appended to the end of a file name.
- + This extension holds important information about the contents of the file.
- + Most file extensions on Commodore files tell which type of archiving
- + method was used to make the file smaller or place several files into one
- + large file. The list below tells what each extension stands for and what
- + processing the user must do to the file before using it.
-
- Extension: Meaning: Notes:
- -----------------------------------------
- + .txt Text File This file is not compressed, so it needs
- + no decompression step. However, the file
- + may be in either ASCII or PETSCII format,
- + so a conversion step may be necessary.
- + Most terminal programs can do this
- + conversion, and there are stand-alone
- + programs that do the necessary conversion
- + also.
-
- .sda Self-Dissolving Just load and run the .sda file to
- Archive dissolve the archive. Will dissolve
- itself into its constituent files.
- C64 and C128 .sda files are not
- compatible with each other.
-
- .sfx Self-Extracting Load and run just like a .sda file.
- Archive The same archive can be extracted on
- either a C64 or a C128, memory permitting.
-
- .arc ARChive Use the program arc250.4 or earlier
- for the 64 or arc128 for the 128 to
- dissolve the archive. arc128 is available
- as part of the CS-DOS package. Other
- de-archive programs may exist.
-
- .lzh LHArchive Use the program lhx in CS-DOS on the
- 128 to dissolve this archive. These
- are not very common. This archive
- uses the same format as .sfx files,
- but is not self-extracting. It is
- a standard format also used by
- Amiga (and MS-DOS?) computers.
-
- .lnx Lynx Archive The above formats all compress files when
- storing them; Lynx just stores them.
- There are many different versions of
- Lynx out there, so good luck dissolving
- these.
-
- .lbr Library Archive A format similar to lynx. Library
- dissolving programs exist for both the
- 64 and 128 to dissolve these.
-
- .uue UUEncoded file UUencoding is a process whereby a binary
- file can be converted to an all-text
- file, transferable by E-mail. This
- encoded file can later be UUDecoded back
- to the original binary file. Unix
- has uuencoding/decoding utilities.
- A program "uuxfer" for the
- C64 (by Fuzzy Fox) will both uuencode
- and uudecode. Note that the contents of
- uue file could be another archived file.
-
- .uua UU archive An extension of uuencoding, a uuarchive
- file is a concatenation of one or more
- UUEncoded files. So far as I know, this
- was introduced by Craig Bruce in his ACE
- shell for the C=128, and the utilities
- included with that shell create and
- dissolve uuarchives.
-
- .kar Kevin's Archive Another text archive format that seems
- to have originated with Craig Bruce,
- this is a proscription for concatenating
- a series of text files (which can include
- uuencoded files) into one file. More
- information can be found in C. Bruce's
- documentation for his ace shell.
-
- | x!<file> ZIPCoded file ZIPCode is a program that takes an entire
- | disk and "compacts" it into 4 files that
- | have a number followed by a '!' and then
- | a filename.
-
- + x!!<file> ZIPCode 6-pack This is a ZIPCode archive that takse an
- + entire disk and puts it into 6 files,
- + each file containing GCS codes and header
- + info for the tracks. This is basically
- + a nybble copier that stores the data it
- + receives from the disk into files.
-
- + .bco BCODEd file BCODing is very similar to UUencoding in
- + that a binary file is converted into an
- + all-text format that is 33% larger than
- + the original. The difference is that the
- + BCODE format provides additional
- + information for error detection and
- + automatic data segmentation and
- + reordering. C-code versions of "bcode"
- + and "unbcode" are available via FTP and
- + Commodore versions are provided with
- + ACE-128/64.
-
- + .zip ZIP archive Zip is a file format used on IBM
- + platforms and is created by the PKZip
- + program that is available for some
- + platforms. There is no available
- + Commodore de-archiver for zip files, so
- + they must be de-archived on another
- + platform.
-
- + .cvt GEOS file GEOS files use a special file format. The
- + files are called USR files, but they have
- + special information in the file that
- + normal files don't, so you cannot just
- + upload a GEOS file like any SEQ or PRG
- + file. You can pack all the extra
- + information and the data into a regular
- + Commodore SEQ or PRG file with a program
- + Called Convert. It has a version 2.5 and
- + a 3.0. The files that result from this
- + conversion have the extension. The file
- + must be processed again by Convert before
- + it can be used with GEOS.
-
- + There many programs available to do these conversions. One of the them is
- + called Omega-Q II, which includes one-stop compression and decompression of
- + many of the available types. It has a menu-style system and can do other
- + things as weel, like display or print ASCII files.
-
- + If you use a host system to download the files from, you may want to
- + decompress the files before downloading. Even though the files will be
- + larger to download, the time to decompress them offline will not be a
- + factor. However, those who pay by-the-minute for download time would
- + probably want the smallest possible file, which implies decompressing on
- + the local machine, except in the case of a UU encoded file. These files
- + are actually bigger in the 'UU' format.
-
-
- + 5.9. What are mailing lists and how do I join one?
-
- + A mailing list is similar to a Usenet newsgroup like comp.sys.cbm, in that
- + it provides a place for people to talk among each other and ask questions.
- + The difference is that the mechanism used is mail. You mail a message off
- + to the list, the message then gets sent out to all members of that list,
- + they read and reply to the list, and the process repeats. It is used for
- + topics that are considered temporary or topics that have a limited scope and
- + may not sustain an entire newsgroup being devoted to them. It may also
- + be used when people want to privately discuss some issue.
-
- + There are a number of Commodore 8-bit mailing lists for you to join:
-
- + cbm-unix - This is a list devoted to the discussion of alternate operating
- + systems for the Commodore line that have the familiar UNIX
- + shell look-and-feel. You can join this one by sending mail to
- + mailserv@lists.funet.fi with the message:
-
- + subscribe cbm-unix Jim Brain <use your own name>
- + review cbm-unix <this will show you who is on the list>
- + help <this will explain how to use the list>
-
- + you can then send mail to the list by addressing it to:
- + cbm-unix@lists.funet.fi.
-
- + old-cbm - This is a list devoted to discussions of older Commodore
- + equipment. Typically, this list discusses issues concerning
- + PETs, the VIC-20, Plus 4 and C16, and other lesser used
- + machines. You can join this one by sending mail to
- + mailserv@lists.funet.fi with the message:
-
- + subscribe old-cbm Jim Brain <use your own name>
- + review old-cbm <this will show you who is on the list>
- + help <this will explain how to use the list>
-
- + you can then send mail to the list by addressing it to:
- + old-cbm-unix@lists.funet.fi.
-
- + cbm-hackers - I do not know much about this list other than it is used to
- + discuss issue realting to timing and special opcodes used in
- + Commodore programs. You can join this list by sending mail to
- + mailserv@lists.funet.fi with the message:
-
- + subscribe cbm-hackers Jim Brain <use your own name>
- + review cbm-hackers <this will show you who is on the list>
- + help <this will explain how to use the list>
-
- + you can then send mail to the list by addressing it to:
- + cbm-hackers@lists.funet.fi.
-
- + commodor - This is a list that is for all Commodore 8-bit computer
- + discussion. This list mirrors most of the discussion on
- + comp.sys.cbm, so I would post to both places. You subscribe
- + by sending a mail msg to:
- + listserv@ubvm.cc.buffalo.edu with the message:
-
- + subscribe commodor Jim Brain <use your own name>
- + review commodor <this will show you who is on the list>
- + help <this will explain how to use the list>
-
- + you can then send mail to the list by addressing it to:
- + commodor@uvbm.cc.buffalo.edu
-
-
- + 5.10. Are there other ways to transfer files?
-
- + It is possible to mail people binary files. To do this, you need access
- + to a program called uuencode. Most, if not all UNIX machines have this
- + command available, and there are versions available for IBM, Amiga, and
- + Macintosh. There is also a version of uuencode available for the
- + Commodore 64 and 128 as part of the ACE 128/64 OS replacement. (See section
- + 8.3) The uuencode program takes a binary file and expands it so that
- + it only contains 7-bit ASCII characters. This resulting file can then be
- + mailed to a recipient, who then uses a similar program called uudecode
- + that will transform the uuencoded file into the resulting binary file.
- + This encoding technique is a standard one used across multiple platforms.
- + If you want to send a file to another Commodore owner, you can use bcode,
- + which is a Commodore-specific encoding available in ACE 128/64.
-
- + If you are regularly on Internet Relay Chat (IRC), you can send binary
- + files directly to others on IRC by issuing:
-
- + /dcc send (nickname) (filename)
-
- + where (nickname) is the nickname of the person you wish to send to, and
- + (filename) is the name of the file, including path if not is current
- + directory.
-
- + You receive files by typing:
-
- + /dcc receive (nickname) or
- + /dcc get (filename)
-
-
- + 5.11. How do I contact people on Compuserve, Genie, etc.?
-
- + These online services have gateways to the Internet. To send a message to
- + someone on the following services, make sure they can receive Internet mail
- + and address the message as follows:
-
- + Service Username Internet Address
-
- + Compuserve 12345,678 12345.678@compuserve.com
- + Genie j.smith2 j.smith2@genie.geis.com
- + Delphi jsmith jsmith@delphi.com
-
- + FidoNet is special, since there are many fidonet nodes, so you need the
- + specific node information for the system that the recipient is on. Assume
- + that jim Brain is on a fido BBS that is node 115 on network 233 in zone
- + 1. The address would be:
-
- + FidoNet Jim Brain Jim_Brain@f115.n233.z1.findonet.org
-
-
-
-
- --
- Jim Brain, Embedded Systems Designer, Brain Innovations.
- brain@msen.com
- Dabbling in VR, Old Commodore Computers, and Good Times!
- "The above views DO reflect my employer, since I am my employer" - Jim Brain
-